Deep well oil pump



5, 1933. w. N. sQuIREs DEEP WELL CIL PUMP Original Filed Dec. 31, 1928 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Dec. 5, 1933. w. N. sQuIREs DEEP WELL OIL PUMP original Filed Dec. 31, 1928 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 fjf.'

jjauz'fes mmf-M 5, 1933. w. N. sQulREs DEEP WELL OIL PUMP original Filed Dec. 51, 192e 4 sheets-sheet 5 Dec. 5, 1933.

W. N. SQUIRES DEEP WELL OIL PUMP Griginal Filed Dec. 31, 1928 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Dec. 5, 1933 UNITED STATES DEEP WELL OIL PUDIP Wilbur N.

Hydraulic Deep Well Squires, Joplin, Mo.,

assigner to Pump Company, Joplin,

Mo., a corporation of Missouri Application December 31, 1928, Serial No. 329,590 Renewed April 25, 1933 11 Claims.

My invention relates to pumps and more particularly to pumps for raising liquids from depths such as are encountered in oil wells.

Whereas in my co-pending application Serial No. 159,896, filed January 8, 192'?, patented May 12, 1931, No. 1,805,441, I have disclosed pumps operated by impulses of pressure applied to liquid columns or to a single liquid column, by a jack at the head of the well, in the present application I disclose a combined jack and pump operable by the usual walking train or mechanical Jack which is at present employed for operating the sucker rod of a mechanically actuated pump.

In accordance with the preferred form of the present invention, I employ in a well a combined motor and pump device, which I term the pump, which device is adapted to be actuated by oscillations of two hydrostatic columns. This device may be of any preferred form, and its character, per se, is not the essence of the present invention. I part one of the two columns and raise one part, thereby increasing the eiective head of the other column with respect to the device in the well, and thereby accomplish the making of one of the strokes. Preferably I employ concentric columns, the outer column being the discharge column and the inner column being the power column.

The power column is parted by means of a piston or plunger disposed at any suitable depth, preferably less than the depth at which the pump is disposed so that less length of sucker rod is required than would be needed to reach the same depth for the usual form of mechanical pump.

The downstroke is made by releasing or dropping the weight of the upper part of the power column upon the lower part so that the two columns are in hydrostatic balance, and pressure applied to said power column is transmitted to the device at the bottom of the well. This pressure may be applied by the weight of the piston and its rod, or by downward thrust on the same, or by hydraulic pressure applied to the power column, or by a combination of several of these forces. In the preferred embodiment the weight of the piston and its rod is relied upon to furnish the additional pressure.

If desired, the power cylinder and piston may be omitted and the rod or cable be extended down through the inner column and attached directly to the motor piston of the pump, so that the upward pull of the walking train exerts a lift directly upon the motor piston and, hence,

upon the pump plunger. However, the pull upon the rod or cable does not sustain the entire weight of the power column since the two columns are of substantially the same height and hence in hydrostatic balance such pull is, there- 50 fore, only such as to sustain the difference in pressure required to make the suction stroke of the pump.

The present invention provides many advantages. First, it may operate with the usual head mechanism, requiring no separate hydraulic jack. The liquid in the power column is confined and does not escape and, therefore, only a small reservoir or tank is required to keep the power column full and the pump operating. Similarly, if hydraulic or pneumatic pressure are used on the power column, they can be produced in a simple manner, as by means of a tank or a small pump or compressor. The sucker rod transmits power from the walking train to the power piston only on the upstroke and, therefore, the rod may be replaced by a steel cable which is kept taut by hydraulic pressure applied to the power piston. If a sucker rod is used, as in the preferred form of the invention, the downward stroke of the power piston is made solely by the weight of the rod and piston. In either case, the downward stroke is made without any downward thrust from the walking train.

Further advantages not enumerated here will be apparent from a reading of the detailed description and claims which follow. In the drawingsz- Fig. 1A4 is a diagrammatic representation of 90 my invention applied to a differential pump. an embodiment in which the Ysucker rod extends to the bottom of the well and attaches directly to the motor piston of the pump;

Fig. 1B is a diagrammatic representation of 95 the preferred embodiment of my invention in which the power column is parted by a piston attached to a relatively short sucker rod, and in which a simpler form of pump is used. The pump is hydraulically connected to the power piston.

Figs. 2 and 3 are cross-sectional views looking down upon the assembly of the preferred embodiment oi my invention; 1 5

Fig. 4A shows the walking train and surface section of the pump;

Fig. 4B shows the intermediate section of the pump including the power cylinder and piston;

Fig. 4C shows the lower portion of the pump 110 including the lower terminus of the power column and top of the motor piston;

Fig. 4D shows the connection of the motor piston to the pump plunger and a part of the pump plunger cylinder; and

Fig. 4E shows the bottom section of the pump plunger cylinder and the main check valve of the pump.

Referring to the drawings in more detail, in Fig. 1A I show two concentric columns 4 and 26, the outer column 4 being termed the discharge column and the inner column. 26 the power column. The discharge column connects with the discharge pipe 54 at the -upper end of the well, and the power column extends through a suitable packing and the pipe 53 to a small open top reservoir '70. The sucker rod 20 extends downward from the walking train 52 through suitable packing into the power column terminating in the motor cylinder 27 where it is attached to the motor piston 60 of the pump. The pump which is encased in the enlarged portion 8 of the discharge column will be recognized as the differential pumpdisclosed in my co-pending application, Serial No. 278,146, led May 16, 1928, patented November 17, 1931. #1,832,668, from which application the details of its construction can best be understood. Briefly, the pump comprises the motor piston 60 which works in the cylinder 2'7 and which is attached at its lower end to the cross-head 61. The rods 62 extend from the cross-head 61 downward around the pneumatic cylinder 65 to the lower cross-head 63. The static piston 64 extends upward from the cross-head 63 into the cylinder 65, and the pump plunger 68 is connected by the valve case 63' to the lower side of the cross head 63. The pump plunger works in the pump cylinder 69, the bottom of which is connected to the suction pipe 10 through the check valve 43.

The discharge column of this pump is filled with liquid to the level of the discharge pipe 54, and the power column is lled to a level somewhat above the bottom of the tank 70.

These two columns are practically in hydrostatic balance when the pump is at rest in its lowermost position with the motor cylinder resting on a stop (not shown) a small supremacy of pressure being retained by the power column.

The power column pressure is applied to the upper face of the motor piston 60 to exert a downward force on that piston in opposition to the force of the pressure of the discharge column which is exerted against the lower face of the piston. The pressure of the discharge column also exerts itself against the lower face of the static piston 64, and since the static cylinder 55 is closed, there is a vacuum or negative pressure acting upon the upper face of the piston 64 when that piston is in its lowermost position, that force acting in opposition to the force produced upon the motor piston 60 by the power column.

When the walking train 52 ascends, it lifts the sucker rod 26 and the motor piston 60 together with the static piston and pump plunger which are rigidly attached to the motor piston. Lifting the motor piston raises the power column forcing a portion of the liquid therein through the pipe 53 into the storage reservoir '70. The pressure of the discharge column head upon the lower face of the cylinders 60 and 64 and the negative pressure in the cylinder 65 assists the walking train 52 in raising the power column by exerting an upward pressure on the lower faces of the piston. The upward movement of the pump plunger 68 draws liquid into the cylinder 69 through the check valve 43.

When the walking beam 52 descends and adds the weight of the sucker rod and motor piston 60 to the pump, the pistons 60, 64 and 68 descend. Pump plungers 68 displaces the liquid in the cylinder 69 out through the check valve 66 into the discharge column. The static piston 64 draws a negative pressure or vacuum in the cylinder 65 and displaces its own volume of liquid into the discharge column to force that amount of liquid upward in the column. The motor piston 60 also displaces its own volume in the discharge column to assist in forcing the liquid therein upward through the discharge pipe 54.

The preferred embodiment of the invention shown diagrammatically in Fig. 1B employs the same arrangement at the surface of the well. However, the sucker rod 20 is much shorter, connecting to the power piston 21 which is located in the power cylinder 27 approximately hah' way down the well. The discharge column has an enlarged section 5 inserted in it at this 100 point to accommodate the power cylinder 27.

The power cylinder 27 is connected hydraulically through the power column 29 to the motor piston 36 which is directly attached to the pump plunger 38 through the casing of valve 37. The pump used in this embodiment, which is encased in the enlarged section 8 of the discharge column, essentially comprises the pump shown in Fig. 1A minus the static piston 64 and cylinder 65.

The power column when lled with liquid both in the part above and the part below the piston 21 exerts a hydrostatic force upon the upper face of the motor piston 36.

The liquid in the discharge column exerts a 115 force against the lower face of the motor piston 36. 'I'he area of the lower face ofthe motor piston 36 is reduced by the coupling which attaches the pump plunger 38 to it, and therefore, normally the pressure in the power 120 column predominates over the pressure in the discharge column. Moreover, when the walking train 52 is descending the pressure in the power column is augmented by the weight of the sucker rod 20 and the piston 21 to establish a. 125 difference in pressure between the power column and discharge column sufficient to produce the discharge stroke of the pump.

In operation the ascending of the walking train 52 lifts the piston 21 and parts the power 130 column, raising the upper part off the lower part. This reduces the pressure put on the motor piston 36 by the power column, to thereby cause the pressure of the discharge column on the motor piston to predominate and lift the piston. Lifting the motor piston draws the pump plunger 38 upward, drawing liquid into the pump plunger cylinder 40 through the check valve 43.

When the walking train 52 descends, the power column is reunited by the descent of the piston 51 and the pressure thereof augmented by the weight of the sucker rod 20 to produce a pressure on the motor piston 36 which predominates over the pressure of the discharge column and forces the motor piston downward. 145 This forces the pump plunger 38 downward displacing the liquid from the plunger cylinder 40 through the check valve 37 into the discharge column.

The downward movement of the motor pls' ton 38 displaces that part of the discharge co1- umn extending into the lower part of the cylinder 35, thereby forcing liquid upward in the discharge column to make the discharge stroke of the pump.

It will be noted that in Fig. 1A the walking train must lift only the weight of the sucker rod and pistons connected thereto, since the weight of the power column displaced is cornpensated by the hydrostatic pressure of the discharge column, and the power required for the suction stroke of the pump plunger is compensated by the negative pressure in the static cylinder. In Fig. 1B the walking train 52 must lift the entire weight of the sucker rod 20 and piston 2l because it lifts the column above the piston 21. The weight of the power column is compensated by the hydrostatic pressure of the discharge column acting upward on the motor piston.

Referring to the pump in more detail by examining Figs. 4C, 4D and 4E, it will be seen that the pump casing 8 comprises two sections screwed together and that the lower portion of the upper section has a slightly larger interior diameter than the lower portion. The pump cylinder 40 is pressed into the lower end of the casing 8 being held concentric thereto by a ange at the lower end and by the centering spider 42 at the upper end. The valve assembly casing 4l ts over the pumping barrel 40 and the two held in place on the casing 8 by the clamping collar 9.

The lower main check valve 43 is of the ball type adapted to permit liquid to pass upward into the pumping cylinder and to check the passage of liquid downward from the pumping cylinder 40. Suction pipe 11 is attached to the lower end of this valve housing assembly 41, which assembly is in turn screwed into the anchor pipe which supports the pump in the well.

The pumping piston assembly includes the motor piston 36, the check valve and hanger assembly 37 and the pumping plunger 38. This piston iits into the pumping barrel 40 through the cushion cylinder 45 which contains the hydraulic shock absorber 39 arranged to check the moving system at the end of its downward stroke. The motor piston 36 ts into the power cylinder 35, which is pressed into the casing 8 and held concentric thereto by the integral longitudinal ribs, which are best seen in Fig. 2. This cylinder extends to the power column head 32 which supports the power column 30 and encloses the upper end of the pump casing B.

The check valve 37 carried by pumping plunger 38 is seated to prevent the passage of liquids downward through it and opens or lifts to permit the ready flow of liquids upward through it. The'valve 37 and pumping piston 38 are not of the essence of the present invention and need not be explained in greater detail at this time.

The construction of the present pump including the cylinders, valves, plungers and inlet and outlet connections is substantially identical with the pump disclosed and claimed in my co-pending application Serial No. 277,591, filed May 14, 1928, patented May 12, 1931, No. 1,805,024, to which reference is here made for a detailed disclosure of the same.

In the said prior application a differential power piston or plunger is disclosed, whereas in the present construction a single or simple piston is shown.

The diiferential power piston may be employed in the present combination when greater power of the suction stroke is desired in the manner shown diagrammatically in Fig. 1A. The construction details of such a pump are disclosed and claimed in my co-pending application Serial No. 278,146, filed May 16, 1928, patented November 17, 1931, No. 1,832,668, to which reference is here made for a detailed disclosure of the same.

The outer of the two concentric columns is made up of the pipe 7 which extends upward from the pump cylinder 8 to a point approximately half way in the well, at which point the diameter of this column is increased by the insertion of the enlarging nipple 6 and the pipe section 5. This enlarged section 5 is relatively short, being of the order of about 2O feet in a 3000 foot well. At the top of the section a second reducing nipple is inserted and the smaller pipe 4 is carried upward to the surface.

The lowermost section 30 of this power column is equipped with the soft metal caulking 31 which may be of lead, copper or a soft alloy, or the like, which fits against the seat in the power column head 32 to form a tight joint and to close the column drain ports 34, through which ports the power column is drained when necessary. The power column extends upward to the enlarged section of the outer column, at which point is inserted the larged power cylinder 27 which is coupled to the power column by the reducing union 28. The small diameter power column extends from the upper section of the power cylinder to the surface.

As will be seen in Fig. 4B, the power cylinder 27 contains the piston 21 which is attached to the rod 20 through the coupling 24. This piston contains the loaded relief valve 22 which is caged and mounted with respect to its seat to permit the passage of liquid upward under certain conditions and to prevent flow of liquid downwardly through the piston 21. This valve acts as a release valve, in that it does not permit the passage of liquid upward until the pressure below the piston exceeds a definite amount.

The piston 21 consists of the hollow cylinder 127 which is tapered at the lower end and which has a valve seat recess at its upper end. The removable valve seat 122 fits into this recess and is held in place by the flange on the seat which registers with a flange on the spring cylinder 128. This cylinder 128 is threaded onto the cylinder 127. The upper end of the spring cylinder 128 is recessed to receive the valve spring retaining washer 124 which is locked in place against the spring 23 by the hanger 24 which is threaded into the wall of cylinder 128. The piston assembly is fastened onto the sucker rod 20 by the threaded nipple 120 engaging the hanger 24 and the rod.

The outer faces of cylinders 127 and 128 and of the hanger 24 are ground to an accurate sliding fit in the cylinder 27. 'Ihe interior wall of the cylinder 127 is ground and polished, so that the leakage of liquid between piston and cylinder is negligible.

The ball` valve 22 is retained on its seat 122 by the spider 123 which is pressed down by the spring 23. Spring 23 is tensioned to hold the ball on its seat until the pressure on the lower v side of the piston exceeds the pressure for which the spring has been set. This piston divides or parts the power column and when raised removes the weight and pressure of the upper part from the lower part, for a purpose which will be pointed out hereinafter.

As the piston descends, the weight and pressure of the upper part of the power column together with the weight of the sucker rod 20 and the piston assembly is applied to the lower part of the column. Normally this forces the lower part of the column and the motor piston with which it is hydraulically connected downward, as will be explained hereinafter. However, in the event that the motor piston is blocked and cannot move downward, the pressure on the under side of the piston is built up to a value in excess of that for which the spring 23 is tensioned, the ball 22 is lifted by this pressure and the lower part of the column permitted to flow through the piston into the upper part to thereby relieve the pressure below the piston.

It should be noted that when the piston 21 is in its lowermost position, it extends into a counterbore 25 of larger diameter than the cylinder 27, thereby providing a passage permitting the fluid above the piston to now through the opening in the hanger 24, through the washer 124 and the spring 23, through the ports 125 in the retaining spider 123, then out through the ports 126 into the outer bore where it unites with the liquid in the column below the piston.

This arrangement insures that the lower part of the column will be maintained full of liquid at all times. While the counterbore 25 and the port 126 in the piston constitute the preferred embodiment of my invention, this arrangement may be replaced by a small checkvalve by-passing the piston and opening upwardly to by-pass gas. Moreover, the seat 122 of the check valve 22 might be equipped with small grooves which would form a constantly open port by-passing the piston 2l.

The assembly of the pump is completed by inserting the sucker rod 20 and the piston 21 in place through the inner string, and attaching the sucker rod 20 to the walking train 52 by the adjusting clamp 55. Sucker rod 20 is packed with respect to the power column by the packing nut 51, and the power column in turn is packed with respect to the outer or discharge column by the packing nut 50. The power column extends through the pipe 53 to the hydraulic tank 70, which tank is preferably an open storage tank, although a closed tank containing part liquid and part compressed air may be used, if additional pressure is desired on the power column. A small air compressor is coupled to the tank in the latter arrangement to maintain the desired pressure on the power column.

When the power column and the discharge column have been iilled with liquid, motor piston 36 is acted cn by two hydrostatic forces. The first of these is the force on the upper face of the piston exerted by the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid in the power column 26 and hydraulic tank 70.

I'he second force, acting on this piston from the under face, is the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid column in the discharge pipe, that column extending downward from the discharge pipe 54 into the interior of the power cylinder 35 where it exerts a pressure against the lower face of the power piston 36. The eiective area of the lower face oi the piston 38 against which this hydrostatic pressure is exerted is reduced by the valve cage 37, while the hydrostatic pressure of the power column is eiective over the entire upper face of the piston 36. The resultant force exerted on the piston by these two substantially equal and opposed hydrostatic pressures is downward. This forces the motor piston 36 and the attached pump plunger 38 downward into their lowermost position in which the bottom face of the motor piston 36 engages a hydraulic shock absorber piston 39, moving in a checking cylinder, but normally held in raised position by the return spring 39'.

To whatever extent the weight of the piston 2l and its rod 20 are added to the weight of the power column the downward pressure is increased, but the weight of these parts is normally sustained on the walking train 52.

To operate the pump, the walking train 52 rises and pulls the sucker rod 20 and the power piston 21 upward, parting the power column at the piston 21 and raising the weight and pressure of the upper part o' of the lower part. This reduces the pressure on the upper face of the motor piston 36 to permit the hydrostatic pressure on the lower face of that piston to raise the piston and connected plunger 28 upward. Raising the pump plunger 38 closes check valve 37 and creates a vacuum on the inside of the pump piston 38 and the cylinder 40, to open the main check valve 43 and draw in liquid through the suction pipe ll.

When the walking train descends, the power piston 21 applies the pressure and weight of the upper part of the power column and the weight of the rod and piston to the lower part, thereby exerting a high pressure upon the upper face of the motor piston 36. This forces the motor piston down in the cylinder 35, opening the check valve 37 and transfers the liquid which was drawn into the pump cylinder 40, out through the check valve into the discharge column surrounding the power column. At the same time the lowering ofthe motor piston 36 displaces liquid from the cylinder 35 into the outer column, raising that column and permitting a discharge of liquid through the discharge pipe 54.

If, during a downward movement of the piston 21, the pressure below it exceeds the value for which the loaded valve 22 is set, that valve opens and permits liquid from the lower part of the power column to by-pass the piston and be transferred to the upper part of the power column.

When the piston 21 reaches its lowermost position, the increased diameter of the counterbore into which it extends permits a free flow of liquid from the upper column to the lower column and permits the escape oi' gas which may have collected in the lower column, thereby insuring that the lower column will be full of liquid at all times. When the walking train again rises, the pressure upon the upper face of the working piston 36 is decreased as before, and another stroke is started, this action continuing as long as the walking train is in motion.

In the normal operation of this pump, the valve 22 does not open on a downward stroke of the piston 21. fault, the working piston 36 is at the bottom of its cylinder when the piston 21 is at the top of its cylinder, the latter piston must be by-passed, since it is impossible to compress the liquid which lls the column between the two. As the piston 21 descends, the weight of piston 21 and its rod If, however, because of some raises the pressure below it to open the valve 22 150 and permit the piston 21 to descend to the end of its stroke. When the. power piston 21 reverses and starts upward, the valve 22 closes and the motor piston 36 is synchronously moved upward by the force of the discharge column pressure.

The liquid in the power column is retained by the motor piston 36 whichis equipped with piston rings which accurately engage the walls of cylinder 35. Although the plurality of rings on the piston 36 comprise a fairly tight joint. some of the liquid in the power column may leak past the piston into the discharge column. Since the operation of the pump depends upon a power column being kept full of liquid at all times, it is necessary to replace the liquid lost in this manner.

In the preferred embodiment of my invention, a small reserve of liquid is maintained in the storage tank 70, Fig. l, against leakage past the piston 36 into the discharge column. Suitable pipe connections are extended from this tank to a pump to permit the adding of liquid to replace that lost past the cylinder.

If the static pressure on the power column is augmented by pneumatic pressure in the storage tank 70, leakage past the motor piston 32 is compensated for by a small air compressor which maintains the desired pressure in the storage tank.

In the preferred embodiment of my invention, I employ a sucker rod and rely on the weight of that rod and the weight of the power column to make the discharge stroke of the pump. In a modification which can be made, a hydraulic or pneumatic pressure is applied to the power column to augment the weight and pressure of the liquid therein. Hydraulic pressure is then relied upon to produce the downward stroke of the piston 2l and, if desired, the sucker rod 20 may be replaced by a steel cable, since the rod is under strain only during the upward movement of the walking train and piston. Where the cable passes through the packing gland 5l a tube is swaged upon the cable to provide the equivalent of a polish rod.

Having thus complied with the statutes and shown and described the preferred form of my invention, what I consider new and desire to have protected by, Letters Patent is pointed out in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:-

1. The method of operating a pump of the class described having reciprocating power and pumping pistons connected together and in i which the power piston is moved in one direction by a liquid power column and in the opposite direction by the head of a discharge column which comprises; parting the power column; raising the upper part of said power column to cause the discharge column to exert an effective superiority of head for making a stroke of the pump; and lowering said upper part to apply its head to the lower part of the power column and simultaneously applying additional pressure to the top of said column to cause the pump to make another stroke.

2. The method of operating a pump of the class described having reciprocating power and pumping pistons connected together and in which the power piston is moved in one direction by a liquid power column and in the opposite direction by the head of a discharge column which comprises; dividing the power column into an upper and a lower part; raising the upper part of the power column to reduce the effective hydrostatic head of the same upon the pump and permitting the hydrostatic head of the discharge column to make a stroke of the pump; then lowering said upper part' of the power column onto the lower part of the same and applying pressure to said power column to make a discharge stroke of the pump.

3. In combination with an outer string of pipe adapted to be filled with liquid, a hydraulic pump connected to the lower end thereof, said pump comprising a pump cylinder communicating with the well, a pumping piston therefor, a motor cylinder communicating at its lower end with the inside of said first string, a second string of pipe inside the first communicating with the upper end of the motor cylinder, said second string of pipe being adapted to be filled with liquid, a motor piston connected to the pump piston, an open ended power cylinder disposed in and forming a part of the inner string, a power piston in said power cylinder, a rod for said piston extending out of the upper end of the string, and means for raising and lowering said rod to cause the power piston to make strokes.

4. In combination with an outer string of pipe adapted to be filled with liquid, a hydraulic pump connected to the lower end thereof, said pump comprising a pump cylinder communicating with the well, a pumping piston therefor, a motor cylinder communicating at its lower end with the inside of said first string, a second string of pipe inside the first communicating with the upper end of the motor cylinder, said second string of pipe being adapted to be filled with liquid a motor piston connected to the pump piston, an open ended power cylinder disposed in and forming a part of the inner string, a power piston in said power cylinder, a rod for said piston extending out of the upper end of the string, means for raising and lowering said rod to cause the power piston to make strokes, and means including the weight and pressure of liquid in said strings for operating said motor and pump pistons in synchronism with said power piston.

5. In combination with an outer string of pipe, a hydraulic pump connected to the lower end thereof, said pump comprising a pump cylinder communicating with the well, a pumping piston therefor, a motor cylinder communicating at its lower end with the inside of said rst string, a second string of pipe inside the first communicating with the upper end of the motor cylinder, a motor piston connected to the pump piston, an open ended power cylinder disposed in and forming a part of the inner string.` a power piston in said power cylinder, a rod for said piston extending out of the upper end of the string, liquid in said strings exerting a hydrostatic pressure on opposite faces of said motor piston, means for alternately raising and lowering said rod to cause said power piston to make strokes and alternately part said inner column and lift the weight and pressure of the upper part off the lower part, and to reunite said column to reapply the weight and pressure of the upper part to the lower part, to set up alternate supremacy of hydrostatic pressure on said motor piston to cause it to make strokes.

6. In combination with a deep well pump having pistons, a string of pipe extending from said pump to the surface of said well, said pipe having a diameter approximately that of said iaq pump, a section of pipe of larger diameter disposed in and forming a part of said string at a point sumciently below the head of the well to supply a suitable working head of liquid, a second string of smaller diameter pipe extending from the pump to the surface inside said first string, said latter string being supported in a self-caulking seat in said pump, an open end cylinder disposed in and forming a part of said latter string, said cylinder coinciding with and resting in the enlarged section of said first string, a piston in said cylinder, a walking train at the surface, a rod extending from said train downward through said inner string to said piston, a column of liquid disposed in said rst string and outside of said inner string, and a second column of liquid within said inner string above and below said piston, said train raising and lowering the rod to cause said piston to make strokes and said liquid columns cooperating to cause said pump pistons to make corresponding strokes.

7. In combination with a deep well pump having pistons, two concentric pipe strings extending upward therefrom, a liquid column in each of said` pipe strings, the liquid of the two columns being separated by one of said pistons, an open ended cylinder disposed in and forming a part of the inner of said strings, a walking train, a rod extending downward therefrom within said inner string, a piston in said cylinder attached to said rod, a valve in said piston arranged to prevent the flow of liquid downward past said piston, a cpunterbore at the oottom of said cylinder, and ports in said piston cooperating with said counterbore when said piston extends therein to permit the flow oi liquid downward through said inner string to one of said pump pistons.

8. The method of operating a pump having reciprocating power and pumping Pistons connected together for unitary movement and in which said power piston is moved in one direction by a liquid power column and in the opposite direction by the head of the discharge column of the pump which comprises; parting the power column, raising the upper part of said power column to cause the discharge column to exert an eiiective superiority of head for making a stroke of the pump.

9. The method of operating a pump having reciprocating pump piston which is moved in one direction by a liquid power column and in the opposite direction by a discharge column of the pump which comprises; parting the power column, raising the upper part of said power column to cause the discharge column to exert an eifective superiority of head for making a stroke of the pump.

10. In a pump of the kind having reciprocating power and pumping pistons connected together for unitary movement and in which said power piston is moved in one direction by a liquid power column and in the opposite direction by the head of the discharge column of the pump, the combination of means for parting the power column, and means for raising the upper part of said power column to cause the discharge column to exert an effective superiority of head for making a stroke of the pump.

l1. In a. pump of the kind having reciprocating pump piston which is moved in one direction by a liquid power column and in the opposite direction by a discharge column of the pump, the combination of means for parting the power column, and means for raising the upper part of said power column to cause the discharge column to exert an eiective superiority of head for making a stroke of the pump.

WILBUR N. SQUIRES. 

